Master every section — from solar panels to nuclear reactors — with flip cards and self-testing MCQs.
Energy sources that generate power with little or no environmental damage — especially low greenhouse gas emissions and minimal pollution.
Energy from sunlight converted into electricity (PV) or heat (solar thermal). Panels use the photoelectric effect to move electrons through silicon semiconductors.
Converts kinetic energy of moving air into electricity via turbines. Think of a wind turbine as a fan in reverse — wind moves the blades to make electricity.
Electricity from moving water. Water at height has potential energy; as it flows downward it becomes kinetic energy, spinning turbines. Often above 85% efficient.
Hydropower Formula
P = Power (W) | ρ = Water density (1000 kg/m³) | g = 9.81 m/s² | h = Head height (m) | Q = Flow rate (m³/s)
Heat from inside the Earth — from radioactive decay, magma movement, and leftover planetary heat. Works 24/7, unlike solar or wind.
Energy from organic materials — plants, wood, agricultural waste, food scraps. Plants store solar energy via photosynthesis; biomass releases it.
Energy released by splitting heavy atomic nuclei (fission). ~12 g CO₂/kWh life-cycle — similar to wind — making it a low-carbon energy source.
Einstein's Mass-Energy Equivalence
Tiny mass converts into enormous energy during nuclear fission
A device that transfers heat from one place to another using electricity and a refrigeration cycle. Think of it as a reversible air conditioner.
Coefficient of Performance
Typical COP: 2.5–4.5 | Gas boiler equivalent: ~0.9 | Electric heater: 1.0